Flash Burn: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

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Flash burn, often referred to as arc eye or welder’s flash, is a painful eye condition caused by intense exposure to ultraviolet (UV) Flash Burn. While commonly associated with welding, it can also occur from tanning beds, sunlight reflecting off snow or water, or any source of strong UV radiation. Though usually temporary, flash burn can be extremely uncomfortable and, if repeated, may cause long-term damage to the eyes.

What Causes Flash Burn?

Flash burn occurs when the cornea, the clear protective layer at the front of the eye, is exposed to excessive ultraviolet light. UV rays can damage corneal cells quickly, even without visible warning. Common sources include:

  • Welding arcs – The bright light produced during arc welding emits intense UV radiation.
  • Tanning lamps – Prolonged exposure to artificial UV light in tanning beds.
  • Reflective sunlight – Snow, water, sand, and other reflective surfaces can intensify UV exposure.

Even brief exposure can result in flash burn, making protective measures essential for anyone at risk.

Symptoms of Flash Burn

Symptoms typically appear a few hours after exposure and can include:

  • Severe eye pain or a gritty “sand in the eyes” sensation
  • Redness and swelling of the eyes
  • Excessive tearing or watery eyes
  • Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
  • Blurred vision or temporary vision loss
  • Headaches or nausea in severe cases

Delayed onset of symptoms is common, which makes prevention and early recognition important.

Preventing Flash Burn

Preventing flash burn is much easier than treating it. Key protective measures include:

  1. Wear protective eyewear – Use welding helmets, safety goggles, or UV-blocking sunglasses.
  2. Limit direct exposure – Avoid staring at bright UV sources, such as welding arcs or tanning lamps.
  3. Use barriers or shields – Protective screens or curtains reduce reflected UV light.
  4. Be cautious with reflective surfaces – Snow, water, or sand can reflect UV rays and increase exposure.

Consistent protection reduces the risk of painful episodes and long-term eye damage.

Treatment for Flash Burn

Most cases of flash burn heal within 24 to 72 hours, but proper care can ease discomfort:

  • Rinse the eyes with cool, clean water to remove debris.
  • Use lubricating eye drops to relieve dryness and irritation.
  • Apply a cold compress to reduce pain and swelling.
  • Avoid rubbing the eyes, as this can worsen the damage.
  • In some cases, eye patches or prescription drops may be recommended by a medical professional.

If symptoms persist or worsen, consult an eye care specialist immediately.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Seek professional care if you experience:

  • Severe or worsening eye pain
  • Significant or prolonged vision changes
  • Persistent redness, swelling, or discharge
  • Signs of infection

Early medical intervention ensures proper healing and prevents complications.

Conclusion

Flash burn is a preventable and treatable eye injury caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. Awareness, protective eyewear, and careful handling of UV sources can protect your eyes from this painful condition. Whether you work as a welder, use tanning beds, or enjoy outdoor activities in reflective environments, taking preventive measures can safeguard your vision and prevent long-term damage.